1. Cognitive linguistics

The semantic model of the KV in some respect resembles the semantics of cognitive linguistics (cf. R.W. Langacker, G. Lakoff). In cognitive linguistics concepts form a Gestalt of mutually related conceptual fields. The way words signify these concepts, is the object of research in cognitive semantics. Words primarily signify concepts; they refer over these concepts (cognitive linguistics is not realistic but rather nominalistic). In contemporary cognitive linguistic research conceptualisation is considered a (cognitive) mental process. For the semantic analysis of the KV vocabulary this part of the method only has relevance in a metaphoric sense. The Spinozist philosophy can be considered a "Gestalt" that is determining the conceptual fields underlying the vocabulary of the text. Words used in a regular, non-technical way signify in accordance with 17th century standard Dutch (Statenbijbel, 1637). Technical terms usually have Cartesian-scholastic concepts as their significations and when used for new Spinozist concepts, often stand for contradictory or even mutually exclusive concepts (cf. wezen (=ens & essentia), zelfstandigheid (=substantia & attributum)). On the conceptual level, to be deduced from the philosophical 'Gestalt' the text is unambiguous; but on word level, the signification of the terms in the vocabulary, expressing these concepts structurally depends on related concepts in the conceptual fields of the Gestalt and the lexical fields of these terms. The relation between these (Cartesian and Spinozist) concepts and the vocabulary used to express them is metaphorical. Between the standard Dutch meaning of the vocabulary and the different kinds of philosphical concepts, a tension exists that is relevant for cognitive linguistic research.